ETHN 259. Comparative Conquests, Colonization, and Resistance in the Americas
This course will offer a comparative survey of the impact of European interactions with Native nations and populations in the New World, from Peru to Canada. Readings will emphasize modes of initial interaction, patterns of European colonization, and Native adaptation and resistance, and broader changes in Native culture and cosmology as a result of conquest and colonization.

HIGR 245ABC. Historical Scholarship on Latin American History
Introduction to the literature of Latin American history. A three-quarter sequence of readings and discussions taught each quarter by members of the staff. Required for all beginning students for a graduate degree specializing in Latin American history; open and strongly recommended to other students using Latin American history as a secondary field for a graduate degree. HIGR 245A covers the colonial period, from conquest to independence to today; HIGR 245B covers South America from independence to today; HIGR 245C covers Mexico, Cuba, and Central America from independence to today. The three quarters need not be taken in sequence. Reading knowledge of Spanish is required.

HIGR 247AB. Research Seminar in Colonial Latin America
A two-quarter course involving readings and research on sixteenth- through eighteenth-century Latin America. Students are expected to compose a paper based on original research that is due in the second quarter. Reading knowledge of Spanish required. An IP grade will be awarded at the end of the first quarter.

HIGR 248AB. Research Seminar in Latin America, National Period
A two-quarter course involving readings and research; the first quarter is devoted to the nineteenth and the second quarter to the twentieth century. Students are expected to compose a paper based on original research that is due in the second quarter. An IP grade will be awarded at the end of the first quarter. Final grade will not be given until the end of the second quarter. Reading knowledge of Spanish and/or Portuguese is helpful but not required.

HIGR 252. History, Social Evolution, and Intellectuals in the Andes: Mariategui, Haya de la Torre, and Arguedas
The course will study three major twentieth-century interpreters of Andean history and society. Mariategui is Latin America's most original socialist intellectual; Haya de la Torre is the founder of Peru's most important party; and Arguedas was the most profound interpreter of the role of Indian peasants in the Andean nations.

ETHN 130. Social and Economic History of the Southwest I
This course examines the history of the Spanish and Mexican Borderlands (what became the U.S. Southwest) from roughly 1400 to the end of the U.S.- Mexican war in 1848, focusing specifically on the area's social, cultural, and political development. (Cross-listed with HIUS 158)

ETHN 131. Social and Economic History of the Southwest II
This course examines the history of the American Southwest from the U.S.-Mexican War in 1846-48 to the present, focusing on immigration, racial and ethnic conflict, and the growth of Chicano national identity. (Cross-listed with HIUS 159)

ETHN 180. Topics in Mexican-American History
This colloquium studies the racial representation of Mexican-Americans in the United States from the nineteenth century to the present, examining critically the theories and methods of the humanities and social sciences. (Cross-listed with HIUS 167)

HILA 100. Latin America-Colonial Transformations
Lecture-discussion survey of Latin America from the pre-Columbian era to 1825. It addresses such issues as the nature of indigenous cultures, the implanting of colonial institutions, native resistance and adaptations, late colonial growth and the onset of independence.

HILA 101. Latin America: The Construction of Independence 1810-1898
Lecture-discussion survey of Latin America in the nineteenth century. It addresses such issues as the collapse of colonial practices in the society and economy as well as the creation of national governments, political instability, disparities among regions within particular countries, and of economies oriented toward the export of goods to Europe and the United States.

HILA 102. Latin America in the Twentieth Century
This course surveys the history of the region by focusing on two interrelated phenomena: the absence of democracy in most nations and the region's economic dependence on more advanced countries, especially the United States. Among the topics discussed will be the Mexican Revolution, the military in politics, labor movements, the wars in Central America, liberation theology, and the current debt crisis.

HILA 103. Revolution in Modern Latin America
A political, economic, and social examination of the causes and consequences of the Mexican, Cuban, and Nicaraguan revolutions. Also examine guerrilla movements that failed to gain power in their respective countries, namely the Shinning Path in Peru, FARC in Colombia, and the Zapatistas in Mexico.

HILA 104. Modern U.S.-Latin American Relations
A survey of inter-American relations during the twentieth century. Emphasis will be placed on U.S. territorial and economic expansion, U.S. national-security and ideological morality, and Latin American efforts to influence U.S. policy in order to strengthen, in most cases, elite domination of society.

HILA 108 Economic History: Continuity and Change in Latin America
Main economic processes in Latin America, from colonial times to the twenty-first century, to understand what has been called the “colonial heritage” role played by economic actors, including the state and foreign capital, and will read Latin America's development in a comparative perspective. Main theoretical propositions to understand patterns of development. No training in economics or statistics is required. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

HILA 112. Economic and Social History of the Andean Region (4)    Study of the economic and social problems of the Andean region from the colonial period until the crisis of 1912, with special attention to theoretical models to explain the processes of change. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

HILA 113. Lord and Peasant in Latin America
Examination of the historical roots of population problems, social conflict, and revolution in Latin America, with emphasis on man/land relationships. Special emphasis on modern reform efforts and on Mexico, Cuba, Brazil, and Argentina. Lecture, discussion, reading, and films.

HILA 114. Dictatorships in Latin America (4)     
How did dictatorships come about? Who were the authoritarian leaders? How did they organize their regimes and what were the consequences? Recent publications on dictators in Latin America allow for comparisons across countries and throughout time to answer those questions. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

HILA 115. The Latin American City, a History
A survey of the development of urban forms of Latin America and of the role that cities played in the region as administrative and economic centers. After a brief survey of pre-Columbian centers, the lectures will trace the development of cities as outposts of the Iberian empires and as "city-states" that formed the nuclei of new nations after 1810.The course concentrates primarily on the cities of South America, but some references will be made to Mexico City. It ends with a discussion of modern social ills and Third World urbanization. Lima, Santiago de Chile, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo are its principal examples.

HILA 116. El Salvador and the United States : Human Rights and Revolution (4)      From coffee boom through rebellion, militarization, revolution, state terrorism, and migration, the U.S. has loomed large in the history of El Salvador . This course explores this relationship from 1920 to the present through the prisms of revolution and human rights. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

HILA 120. History of Argentina
A survey from the colonial period to the present, with an emphasis on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Among the topics covered: the expansion of the frontier, the creation of a cosmopolitan, predominately European culture, and the failure of industrialization to provide an economic basis for democracy.

HILA 121. History of Brazil
From colonial times to the present, with an emphasis on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Among the topics covered: the evolution of a slave-based economy, the key differences among regions, the military in politics, and the creation of the most populous and industrialized country in Latin America.

HILA 122. Cuba: From Colony to Socialist Republic
A lecture-discussion course on the historical roots of revolutionary Cuba, with special emphasis on the impact of the United States on the island's development and society.

HILA 126. From Columbus to Castro: Caribbean Culture and Society (4)      Exploration of the relationships between socioeconomic and cultural development in Caribbean history; slavery and empire; nationalism and migration; vodun and Rastafarianism, and the literary arts. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

HILA 127. History, Culture, and Power (4)    
What is the historical evidence on the relationship between culture and power: from the indigenous ‘national' revolution (eighteenth century) to ‘indigenismo'; from indigenous upheavals in Ecuador , Bolivia , Mexico and Peru , to the intellectual ‘archaic utopia' (twentieth century). Prerequisite: upper-division standing or instructor consent.

HILA 131. A History of Mexico
A century of Mexican history, 1821-1924: the quest for political unity and economic solvency, the forging of a nationality, the Gilded Age and aftermath, the ambivalent Revolution of Zapata and his enemies.

HILA 132. A History of Contemporary Mexico
The paradox of a conservative state as heir to a legendary social upheaval, with special emphasis on the mural art renaissance, the school crusade, the economic dilemma, and the failure to eradicate poverty and inequality. Lectures and discussion.

HILA 161/261. History of Women in Latin America
A broad historical overview of Hispanic-American women's history focusing on issues of gender, sexuality, and the family as they relate to women, as well as the historiographical issues in Latin American and Chicana women's history.

HILA 162/262. Special Topics in Latin American History
Topics will vary from year to year or quarter to quarter. May be repeated for an infinite number of times due to the nature of the content of the course always changing.

HILA 163/263. The History of Chile 1880–Present (4)    
The course surveys Chile 's basic developments beginning with the era of nitrate exports. Students will have the opportunity to address a specific issue of his/her own choosing and develop the topic for class presentation and a final paper. Graduate students are expected to submit a more substantial piece of work. Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.

HILA 164/264. Women's Work and Family Life in Latin America (4)    
Inside or outside of the household, women have always worked. Where do we find Latin American women, how has the labor market changed, how was and is women's work perceived, what were the consequences of changing work patterns on family life? Requirements will vary for undergraduate, M.A., and Ph.D. students. Graduate students are required to submit a more substantial piece of work.

HILA 167/267. Scholarship on Latin American History in the Colonial Period (4)      Introduction to the historiography on Latin America for the colonial period from Spanish and Portuguese conquests to the Wars of Independence. Requirements will vary for undergraduate, M.S., and Ph.D. students. Graduate students are required to submit an additional research paper. Prerequisites: upper-division standing or consent of instructor; reading knowledge of Spanish; department stamp.

HILA 168/268. Scholarship on Latin American History in the Nineteenth Century (4)     
Introduction to the historiography on Latin America for the nineteenth century: world economy, nation-state building, agrarian processes, incipient industrialization, political and cultural thought, and social structure. Requirements will vary for undergraduate, M.A., and Ph.D. students. Graduate students are required to submit an additional research paper. Prerequisites: upper-division standing or consent of instructor; reading knowledge of Spanish; department stamp

HILA 169/269. Scholarship on Latin American History in the Twentieth Century (4)    
Introduction to the historiography on Latin America for the twentieth century: agrarian reforms, unionization, industrialization by import substitution, the political left, social development, and international relations. Requirements will vary for undergraduate, M.A., and Ph.D. students. Graduate students are required to submit an additional research paper. Prerequisites: upper-division standing or consent of instructor; reading knowledge of Spanish; department stamp.

HILA 270. Topics in Latin American History, 1820–1910     Topics may vary from year to year. May be repeated for credit. Requirements will vary for undergraduate, M.A., and Ph.D. students. Graduate students must be required to submit a more substantial piece of work. Prerequisite: upper-division or graduate standing.